PoliticsPolitics in Europe is extremely diverse as Europe has many countries with their own governments and political systems. However, the European Union (EU) plays a key role in shaping the overall political atmosphere on the continent.
Module 1 Europe
A. Merkel
Europe is a mosaic of cultures that makes our continent so unique.
D. Kennedy
Europe is where history meets modernity and tradition meets innovation.
J. Delor
Europe is history and civilization and culture and ideas and dreams. It is the future and the hope of all our peoples.
D. Berbatov
Europe is the symphony of differences combined with convergence of values.
More about civic education in our lives - EUROPE
Politics
The European Union is an intergovernmental organization made up of 27 European countries that cooperate on issues such as economy, trade, security and environment. It has institutions that manage standard policies and legislation, such as the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council of the European Union.
The European Parliament is the only body directly elected by EU citizens and has an essential role in creating legislation and supervising the other institutions. The European Commission is an executive body that proposes new legislation and ensures the implementation of already adopted laws. The Council of the European Union represents the member states and participates in adopting laws.
EU policy covers various areas, such as free movement of people, goods and services, and common currency - the euro. Cooperation in justice and home affairs, standard agricultural policy, environmental policy, and others..
The political challenges that Europe is facing include migration flows, climate change, social and economic inequalities, and relations with global players.
To list
List of the 27 member states of the European Union.
1. Austria (Österreich)
2. Belgium (België/Belgique)
3. Bulgaria (България)
4. Greece(Ελλάδα)
5. Germany (Deutschland)
6. Denmark (Danmark)
7. Estonia (Eesti)
8. Ireland(Ireland)
9. Spain (España)
10. Italy (Italia)
11. Cyprus (Κύπρος/Kıbrıs)
12. Latvia (Latvija)
13. Lithuania (Lietuva)
14. Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
2. Belgium (België/Belgique)
3. Bulgaria (България)
4. Greece(Ελλάδα)
5. Germany (Deutschland)
6. Denmark (Danmark)
7. Estonia (Eesti)
8. Ireland(Ireland)
9. Spain (España)
10. Italy (Italia)
11. Cyprus (Κύπρος/Kıbrıs)
12. Latvia (Latvija)
13. Lithuania (Lietuva)
14. Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
15. Malta(Malta)
16. Poland (Polska)
17. Portugal(Portugal)
18. Romania (România)
19. Slovakia (Slovensko)
20. Slovenia (Slovenija)
21. Hungary (Magyarország)
22. Finland (Suomi/Finland)
23. France(France)
24. Netherlands (Nederland)
25. Croatia (Hrvatska)
26. Czech Republic(Česko)
27. Sweden (Sverige)
16. Poland (Polska)
17. Portugal(Portugal)
18. Romania (România)
19. Slovakia (Slovensko)
20. Slovenia (Slovenija)
21. Hungary (Magyarország)
22. Finland (Suomi/Finland)
23. France(France)
24. Netherlands (Nederland)
25. Croatia (Hrvatska)
26. Czech Republic(Česko)
27. Sweden (Sverige)
CommunitySociety in Europe is extremely diverse and multi-faceted, encompassing multiple cultures, languages, religions and customs. European society is characterized by a rich history, deep traditions, and changing social structures.
InstitutionsThe institutions in Europe encompass various organizations and structures that play a key role in the governance and functioning of the European Union (EU). These institutions create, implement, monitor EU legislation, and perform other important functions. The most important institutions of the European Union are:
1. European Parliament: The European Parliament is the only EU body directly elected by the citizens of the member states. It represents the interests of citizens and participates in creating new EU legislation. The Parliament also participates in the approval of the EU budget and supervises the other institutions.
2. European Commission: The European Commission is the executive body of the EU. It proposes new legislation and supervises the implementation of EU laws. The Commission also represents the EU on the international stage and participates in negotiations with other countries and organizations.
3. Council of the European Union: The body represents the EU member states. It participates in the process of adopting laws and coordinates the policies of the member states. The Council also plays an important role in defining the EU's common strategies on various issues.
4. The European Court of Human Rights: This independent judicial body enforces EU law and resolves disputes between member states and EU institutions. The court also deals with complaints by citizens and companies about violations of their rights or EU legal rules.
5.The European Central Bank (ECB): The ECB is responsible for the monetary policy of the Eurozone, which is the group of countries in the EU using the common currency, the Euro. It controls the possibility of issuing money, conducts foreign exchange operations, and monitors inflation and economic development in the region.
Information pagesCivic participation in Europe is a key aspect of democratic processes in the European Union member states and other European countries. This is done through various mechanisms and practices that enable citizens to participate in policy formation and decision-making. Here are some aspects of civic participation in Europe:
1. Volitve v Evropski parlament: Državljani imajo pravico voliti poslance Evropskega parlamenta, ki zastopajo njihove interese in glasujejo o pomembnih vprašanjih na evropski ravni.
2. Evropske državljanske pobude: državljani EU lahko z določenim številom podpisov sprožijo peticijo za predlog nove zakonodaje ali sprememb obstoječih zakonov.
3.Civilne organizacije: V Evropi je veliko civilnih organizacij, ki se ukvarjajo z različnimi temami – od človekovih pravic in okolja do izobraževanja in zdravstva.
2. Evropske državljanske pobude: državljani EU lahko z določenim številom podpisov sprožijo peticijo za predlog nove zakonodaje ali sprememb obstoječih zakonov.
3.Civilne organizacije: V Evropi je veliko civilnih organizacij, ki se ukvarjajo z različnimi temami – od človekovih pravic in okolja do izobraževanja in zdravstva.
4. Local actors and public consultations: Some countries have encouraged civic participation through local public consultations and direct dialogues with local authorities.
5. Voting and referendums: Citizens have the opportunity to participate in national and regional elections, as well as in referendums on important issues.
6. Civil society and social media: Citizens use social media and other online platforms to express their opinions and participate in public debates.
5. Voting and referendums: Citizens have the opportunity to participate in national and regional elections, as well as in referendums on important issues.
6. Civil society and social media: Citizens use social media and other online platforms to express their opinions and participate in public debates.
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Module 2 Europe
Contents
Civic education lessonsCivic education in Europe is essential for forming active citizens. In various European countries, lessons promote the understanding of democratic principles, human rights, social responsibility, and sustainable development. Different countries in Europe have different approaches and programs for civic education, aiming to develop active citizens with diverse skills and knowledge for successful participation in society..
1. Voting and elections: Lessons on electoral systems, political parties, and voting processes to encourage active participation in the democratic process.
2. Human rights: Training regarding human rights and freedoms, which are an essential element for the respect to every individual in society.
3. Environmental awareness: Programs to understand the importance of protecting the environment and adopting sustainable lifestyles.
4. Media Literacy: Training to recognize fake news and understand the role of the media in society.
5. Social entrepreneurship: Lessons for stimulating entrepreneurship and creating social economic projects aimed at the public good..
6. Intercultural understanding: Education aimed at respecting differences and promoting peaceful coexistence among different cultures.
Youth engagement in actionYouth engagement in action is the active involvement of young people in public life and taking concrete actions for change. It encourages young people to engage with their communities' problems and challenges and work to solve them. This can include volunteering, social projects, political engagement, and other initiatives.
An example of such a program is "Erasmus+ for Youth", which provides opportunities for training, youth exchange, volunteering and partnerships between organizations in different countries. This program supports the youth in acquiring new skills, developing creativity and leadership skills, and understanding Europe's cultural diversity and common values.
Benefits of youth engagementYouth engagement in Europe provides multiple benefits for young people and society. This is the active participation and commitment of young people in various fields and initiatives that involve them in social processes and problems.
1.Developing leadership skills:: Participation in youth organizations and projects allows young people to develop leadership skills such as communication, team leadership, leadership, and organization.
2.Acquisition of new knowledge and skills Engaged youth can acquire new knowledge and skills in various fields such as education, technology, social sciences, etc.
3. Increasing self-esteem and confidence: Participation in youth initiatives allows young people to express themselves, share their ideas, and be part of decisions, which can increase their self-esteem and confidence.
4. Support for social integration: Youth engagement can help the social integration of young people, especially those from vulnerable groups.
5. Building community and friendships: Participation in youth initiatives provides an opportunity to build community and establish new friendships, which is important for psychological well-being.
6. Changing Society: Engaged youth can drive social change by addressing and actively working to solve social issues.
7.Support for democratic values: Youth engagement promotes participation in democratic processes and values, such as voting, freedom of expression, and respect for human rights.
Opportunities for youth engagementIn Europe, youth engagement represents the active involvement and participation of young people in public and civic processes. This is an important aspect of the formation of active citizens who are ready to get involved in solving public problems as well as to work to achieve public goals.
Youth organizations: There are many youth organizations in Europe that provide various projects, training, camps, and activities for young people. They can focus on different topics such as culture, sports, environment, education, and others.
European programs and initiatives: Programs such as "Erasmus+", "Youth Corps" and "European Solidarity Corps" provide opportunities for exchanges, internships, and participation in international projects. These programs promote cultural exchange and intercultural understanding and develop young people's personal and professional skills.
Community Service Initiatives: Youth can engage in various community service initiatives such as environmental awareness campaigns, social causes, and volunteering. This allows them to contribute to the betterment of society and work to change problematic areas.
Youth councils and commissions: Many cities and regions have youth councils and commissions that represent the views and interests of young people to public authorities. This provides an opportunity for young people to actively participate in decision-making processes and get involved in public policies.
Civic Education Programs: Various educational institutions and non-governmental organizations offer civic education training and courses that encourage young people to understand and actively participate in democratic processes and public issues.
Digital platforms and social networks: The Internet and social networks provide opportunities for young people to share their ideas, connect with other engaged young people, and participate in online initiatives and campaigns.
Media Literacy and Recognizing Fake NewsEuropean institutions and many non-governmental organizations are working to increase media literacy and the recognition of fake news among citizens. This includes training programs, awareness campaigns, and encouraging critical thinking when using information from different sources. Some of the ways people can recognize fake news include:
1. Check the source: Check if the news comes from an established and reliable media source. You may be facing a scam if the source is unfamiliar or unknown.
2. Fact-checking: Check facts and information from several different and reliable sources before accepting it as true.
3. Careful reading: Read the entire article, not just the title, before sharing information.
4. Critical thinking: Ask yourself questions like What is the purpose of this news? or Are there any hidden interests.
5.Check photos and videos: Check that the photos and videos accompanying the news are correct and up-to-date.
Evaluation of the impact of youth activism
Youth activism includes participation in various initiatives, programs, and activities that aim to support the development and participation of youth in society. This activity can have multiple positive impacts in various areas such as::
- Education and skills;
- Personality development;
- Civic participation and democracy;
- Development of the social network;
- Intercultural understanding;
- Supporting entrepreneurship.
Evaluation methodsTo assess the impact of youth activism, research methods are often used, including surveys, interviews, statistical data collection, and analysis of results. Impact assessment can help better to understand the benefits and effects of youth activism and serve as a basis for improving programs and policies aimed at supporting youth in Europe..
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Module 3 Europe
Contents
Living, working, traveling in the EU.For young people, providing opportunities to live, work, and travel in Europe can be extremely enriching. Here are some aspects:
Education: Europe has many prestigious universities and educational institutions. Young people have the opportunity to receive a quality education in a variety of fields. Programs such as - provide opportunities for student's mobility and exchange, which allow students to spend a certain period in another member state of the European Union., .
Work and Career: Young professionals can find a variety of work and career opportunities in Europe. Professional mobility can be supported through various programs and initiatives that support job search in different countries. In addition, some countries provide special visa regimes for young people who want to work and live there.
Travel and Discovery: Europe is known for its rich culture, history, and diversity. Young people have the opportunity to travel and discover different countries and cities that offer unique and authentic experiences.
Internships and Training Programs: Many organizations and companies offer internships and training programs for young professionals. This can be an excellent way to develop skills and familiarize yourself with the working environment in Europe.
Startups and Entrepreneurship: If you have ideas and ambitions to create your own business, Europe offers a variety of opportunities for startups and entrepreneurship. Many countries provide support and resources for young entrepreneurs.
What does it mean to be an active European citizen?Being an active European citizen means one to actively participate in the public life of the European Union, to use their rights and engage in activities that support integration, cooperation, and understanding between member states. This can include participating in European Parliament elections, expressing your opinions and ideas, supporting initiatives for the public good, and even participating in cross-cultural exchange programs.
1. Participation in elections:: Voting in European elections is an important way to express your opinion and shape the European Union's political future.
2. Supporting public causes: Engaging with social and environmental issues such as combating climate change, protecting human rights, and supporting vulnerable communities.
3. Participation in civic initiatives: Supporting and signing petitions and initiatives that promote changes in legislation or important public issues..
4. Participation in exchange programs and projects: Examples include student exchange programs such as Erasmus+, which support cross-cultural exchange and learning in different countries.
1. Actively monitoring political events: Staying informed about the development of European policy and participating in discussions on important issues.
2. Participation in community organizations: Joining non-governmental organizations and groups working in education, culture, healthcare, and other areas.
3. Utilizing free movement rights: Taking advantage of free travel, work, and learning opportunities in different member states.
What does the EU do for its citizens?The European Union (EU) provides various types of support and initiatives for its citizens in areas such as social protection, education, healthcare, employment, mobility, and more. Here are some key ways in which the EU works for its citizens:
1. Freedom of movement and the right to work: The European Union supports the free movement of people, goods, services, and capital within its territory. Citizens of member states have the right to work, study, and live in any other member state without the need for a work visa.
2. Education and science: Programs like Erasmus+ provide educational and student mobility opportunities, allowing students and educators to study and teach in other member states. The EU also supports scientific research and innovation through various programs and financial instruments.
3. Social protection and workers' rights: The EU promotes the implementation of working conditions, equal pay, and social rights standards in all member states. This includes legislation on minimum workers' rights, such as leave, working hours, and a ban on discrimination.
4. Healthcare and food safety: The EU ensures its citizens a high healthcare and food safety standard by regulating the EU's production, labeling, and sale of food and medicines.
5. Consumer protection: The EU has legislation that protects consumer rights and informs them about their rights when purchasing goods and services.
6. Environmental and climate policy: The EU works to preserve the environment and reduce the impact of climate change, creating legislation and programs to promote sustainable practices in various areas.
7. Combating poverty and social exclusion: EU programs and funds are used to support socially vulnerable groups and to combat poverty and social exclusion.
What are the European Union instruments?In Europe, there are numerous instruments and institutions that support cooperation, integration, and the development of the European Union. Some of the key European instruments include:
1. European Parliament: The body of representative democracy meets in Strasbourg and Brussels. It participates in the legislative process and supervises the activities of other institutions.
2. European Commission: The body responsible for implementing EU legislation and representing the interests of the Union on the global stage.
3. Council of the European Union: A forum for coordinating the policies of member states and making decisions in important areas.
4. Council of Ministers: Members of this council are ministers from the governments of member states who discuss specific issues according to their thematic area, such as the economy, foreign relations, etc.
5. European Council: Includes the heads of state or government of member states and the President of the European Commission. This body establishes common guidelines and development strategies for the European Union.
6. European Central Bank: Responsible for managing the euro and monetary policy in the eurozone.
7. European Investment Bank: Supports projects focused on infrastructure, economic development, and innovation in the European Union.
8. European Investment Service: Provides financial and technical resources for project implementation in various fields.
9. European External Action Service: Coordinates the EU's foreign policy and represents the Union internationally.
10. European Environment Agency, European Medicines Agency, and others: Specialized agencies that support regulatory and scientific aspects in specific areas.
Documents and Publications Following the Priorities of the 'Erasmus+' Program.The 'Erasmus+' program and the youth sector of the European Union focus on supporting and developing young people through education, training, mobility, and participation in various activities. Here are some key documents and publications you can explore to learn more about these areas:
1. Youth Plan (2019-2027): This is a strategic document of the EU that outlines priorities and actions to support youth in Europe. It includes various measures to improve education, employment, participation, and youth mobility.
2. Erasmus+ Portal: The official website of the 'Erasmus+' program contains information on all aspects of the program, including opportunities for young people. You can find information about educational programs, scholarships, exchange programs, and other mobility opportunities here.
3. European Youth Strategy (2010-2018): This document presents a strategy for integrating young people into education, employment, participation, and culture. It also provides useful guidelines for understanding the youth sector in the European Union.
4. EU Reports and Analyses on Youth Policy: The European Commission and other EU bodies regularly publish reports, analyses, and statistical data on various aspects of youth policy and employment.
5. EU Directives and Legislation: The official website of the 'Erasmus+' program contains information on all aspects of the program, including opportunities for young people. You can find information about educational programs, scholarships, exchange programs, and other mobility opportunities here.
6. Seminars, Events, and Training in the Youth Sector: This document presents a strategy for integrating young people into education, employment, participation, and culture. It also provides useful guidelines for understanding the youth sector in the European Union.
With these resources, you'll be able to familiarize yourself with the priorities of the 'Erasmus+' program and the youth sector of the EU, as well as the opportunities provided to young people.
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